The curvature of the femoral neck continues until the middle of the shaft thereby gradually becoming shallower. Distal to this crest the anterior margin of the shaft is straight and slightly curves posteriorly at the neck of the distal condyle. Wellnhofer, P. 1970. Close up of those jaws within the limestone. In order to preserve his memory, we named the pterosaur in his honor., Reference: A new pterodactyloid pterosaur with a unique filter-feeding apparatus from the Late Jurassic of Germany by David M. Martill, Eberhard Frey, Helmut Tischlinger, Matthias Muser, Hctor E. Rivera-Sylva and Steven U. Vidovic, 21 January 2023, PalZ.DOI: 10.1007/s12542-022-00644-4. A Biozones for the late Upper Jurassic of southern Germany. The length of the following vertebral ribs decreases with the posterior-most one being one fifth shorter than rib number 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-012-0159-8. 17D). and policies. Fastnacht, M. 2005. The specific name is after one of the co-authors Matthias Muser who sadly passed away during the writing of the paper. Image credit: Megan Jacobs. Even the shape of the zygapophyses cannot be reconstructed with confidence. A spine arises from the proximal apex of the extensor tendon process. Distally to the end of the curvature the shaft is straight and slightly diverges towards the knee joint. The exposed vertebrae are crushed flat. A portion of the distal extremity of the left metacarpal IV and part of the left anterior ilium process are known to be missing. With the help of filters, the combination of which requires considerable experience and experimentation, all details of the pterosaur skeleton were optimally documented. A group of researchers accidentally found this specimen, which has been nicknamed Balaenognathus maeuseri in a quarry of south-eastern Germany while doing construction work. Wing membrane soft tissue is preserved in a small part of the specimen. 23A). 6) is broken off such that the bone is exposed in longitudinal section. Wing-finger phalanx III. The fibula is about 40% of the length of the tibia. Newly discovered pterosaur used tiny teeth to feed like a wading whale Ctenochasmatids are typified by large numbers of elongate slender, slightly curved or even recurved interlocking teeth primarily involved in filter-feeding. However, it is evident that the dorsal face of the parietal was evenly convex. Balaenognathus - Wikiwand The specimen is currently on display in the Bamberg Natural History Museum. Prof Martill added: "This pterosaur had teeth in the upper and lower jaw, which are a mirror image of each other. Bakanae (, BA-ka-NA-eh) or bakanae disease (Chinese: , Japanese: , romanized: Bakanae-byou, [bakanae bo]), from the Japanese for "foolish seedling", is a disease that infects rice plants. 1B), at coordinates 50 02 17 N 11 06 57 E. Type horizon and age. 1 / 2 26 7 comments Add a Comment ImHalfCentaur1 11 hr. The sacrum consists of at least five sacrals that are seen in dorsal aspect (Fig. On a new pterosaur (Huanhepterus quingyangensis, gen. et sp. Swinburn, and S. Conway Morris. Heres how it works. 2017. Year: 2023 Area: Europe Country: Germany Region: Bavaria Formation: Torleite Classification Pterosauria Zambellisauria Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Balaenognathus maeuseri, while a newly discovered species, belongs to the same family of flying reptiles. Discovery of a new pterosaur in western Liaoning, China. The tongue may also have assisted in pressing the water through the posterior tooth rows. Palontographica 2: 8284, pl. 2013. The specific name is after one of the co-authors Matthias. Martill. A small part of the left ilium is also missing (Figs. This clade, although not well supported, forms a polytomy with well-known ctenochasmatids Petrodaustro, Ctenochasma and Gnathosaurus, plus Eosipterus and Liadactylus (see SI for details of the analysis: For character coding see SI Table 1; for the data matrix see SI Table 2; for the characters list and scoring see SI Table 3). Bell, and G. Chong Diaz. However, in a small area adjacent to WP I and II of the left wing a small area of wing membrane is preserved (Fig. The anterolateral corners of the rostral expansion are rounded and curve into the posterolateral margins of the spatula that anteriorly are almost straight. Balaenognathus likely implemented both passive suspension feeding and gular pumping. proposed, gular pumping, is similar to some extant dabbling ducks, where the mouth produces an active water current. The musculus depressor mandibulae would open the mouth using the retroarticular process as a lever, creating suction to draw water in at the front. Historical Biology 14: 255284. A compacted bone lamina suggests that the occipital was angled at about 100 against the dorsal face of the parietal. From there, the shaft gradually diverges again to the distal articulation, whereby the cranial margin is slightly concave until the neck of the distal articular head, where it curved posteriorly into the distal articular head. Martill, D.M., E. Frey, C.M. The larvae feed on Maerua, Capparis and Ritchiea species.. Subspecies. The gastralia are disarticulated and scattered in the thoracic region. In the view of the specimen presented in Figs. On the right side 10 nicely preserved vertebral ribs are visible with the anterior-most three being twice as thick as the posteriorly following ones. 2018. The proximal and distal syncarpals are preserved in articulation in the left wing only and are seen in dorsal view (Figs. Tibia more than 1/3 longer than femur (ratio femur/tibia=0.62; Table 1, Fig. The fully articulated specimen displays a unique dentition that suggests this flying reptile fed like a modern-day flamingo, sieving water through its jaws to trap small invertebrates as it . Feeding mechanisms for Balaenognathus. 2, 3, 5, 9). It is the only bone that is preserved as a distinct element within the mandible. Hyal apparatus. For water intake at least the anterior third of the rostrum must have been submerged (Fig. The gular pump would even be sufficient when the rostrum was completely submerged (Fig. ; B UV image. Nothing in the skeleton of Balaenognathus suggests that such forces could have been compensated. The right humerus lies on its dorsal face with the deltopectoral crest facing craniolaterally with respect to the vertebral column (Figs. The specific name is after one of the co-authors Matthias Muser who sadly passed away during the writing of the paper. The active production of a water current through the mouth of Balaenognathus would require an active buccal dilatation system. The skeleton was prepared by a professional preparator in full relief using Hardy Winkler air scribes and was studied using ordinary light, UV light and X-ray. All three ungual phalanges are of similar shape, but that of digit III is one third shorter and slenderer, with a length/width ratio of 1:4. Radius. The teeth of the new pterosaur suggest an extraordinary feeding mechanism while it waded through water, he added. It is twice as long as it is wide. Express. DOI: 10.1007/s12542-022-00644-4, Balaenognathus maeuseri gen. et sp. Purnell. The concavity begins immediately distal to the proximal articular face and deepens distally until the base of the ventrally bent neck of the distal roller articulation. Both humeri are still in articulation with their respective glenoid fossae andface caudally nearly paralleling the vertebral column with a slight lateral rotation (Figs. Species New to Science: [Paleontology 2023] Balaenognathus maeuseri A New pterodactyloid Pterosaur (Ctenochasmatidae) with A unique Filter-feeding Apparatus from the Late Jurassic of Germany new & recent described Flora & Fauna species from all over the World esp. The jaws of this pterosaur are really long and lined with small fine, hooked teeth, with tiny spaces between them like a nit comb. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Frontal. The dorsomedial third of the posterior margin is shallowly concave followed by short convexity, which is again followed by a concavity that terminates immediately dorsal to the glenoid fossa. The acetabulum and part of the left ilium is seen in dorsal aspect. 6, 17), which is larger with respect to the mandibular length than in any other filter-feeding pterosaur. There are several ways filtration can occur: ingesting large volumes of waterand ejectingit over a filter, or passively straining food from a natural water current over a filter apparatus, as practiced by many sessile invertebrates (e.g., sabellid worms). Credit: University of Portsmouth, Professor Martill said: This was a rather serendipitous find of a well-preserved skeleton with near perfect articulation, which suggests the carcass must have been at a very early stage of decay with all joints, including their ligaments, still viable. It has been named Balaenognathus maeuseri. The creature's bill had a shape similar to modern spoonbills in the genus Platalea and was slightly curved upward, he added. The pterosaur belongs to a family of pterosaurs called Ctenochasmatidae, which are known from the limestone in Bavaria, Germany, where this one was also found. It is a semi-lunate structure in dorsal view with a concave distal articular face. 415434. To be effective, the water must be rich in food particles, and the animal would further depend on water flowing at a suitable speed and at an appropriate depth for the animal to stand in the current. Loch Ness Monster: If Its Real, Could It Be Giant European Eel? Complete large skull of the pterodactyloid pterosaur Ctenochasma elegans from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Lithographic Limestones. It must have been buried in sediment almost as soon as it had died.. Sci.News. The discovery was made accidentally while scientists were excavating a large block of limestone containing crocodile bones. +mcIv+phs i-iv2=1.17m, making it a medium sized ctenochamatid. It measures one sixth of the entire femur length. While its dorsal margin is concave, its dental margin is slightly convex in its anterior third. The specimen must have been buried in the sediment soon after death, because all the joints, along with the ligaments are clearly visible. 12). 16). The posterior half of the left nasal forms a suture with the right frontal, but the shape of this suture cannot be assessed because the right margins of both bones are missing. Digit II. 12). Ultraviolet light as a tool for investigating Mesozoic fishes, with a focus on the ichthyofauna of the Solnhofen archipelago. 6) is elongate rounded triangular with the apex facing anteriorly. The cranial margin of sacral 1 is sinusoidal with a shallow convexity in its basal third and a convexity, which is twice as deep in the anterolateral half, while the middle third is concave. nov.: stratigraphic horizon and locality. The teeth of the new pterosaur suggest an extraordinary feeding mechanism while it waded through water. A video describing the discovery of the new pterosaur. It would use its spoon-shaped beak to funnel the water and then its teeth to squeeze out excess liquid, leaving prey trapped in its mouth., The animal likely dabbled as it waded through shallow lagoons, sucking in tiny water shrimps and copepods and then filtering them out through its teeth just like ducks and flamingos.. The only difference is that flamingos use small, bristly hairs called lamellae to filter their food instead of hooked teeth. The mid-shaft circumference marks the thinnest part of the shaft with half the diameter of that of the proximal articular face. Balaenognathus maeuseri lived in what is now Europe during the Upper Jurassic epoch, between 157 and 145 million years ago. New Pterosaur Species With 480 Teeth Discovered In Germany - Active Wild With a global reach of over 10 million monthly readers and featuring dedicated websites for science (Phys.org), It is named after Mount Banahaw in Luzon, Philippines . Bed 12 of the Wattendorf Plattenkalk, Torleite Formation, Eudoxus ammonite Biozone, Upper Jurassic, Upper Kimmeridgian to Tithonian (~157145mya). The minimum diameter of the shaft is in the middle of the shaft, where it is about two thirds of the diameter at the proximal articulation. Plastic mulch, a common tool in promoting strawberry growth, has been found. Fig 2 and 3 show the bones of Balaenognathus maeuseri found in the slab of limestone. Image credit: Megan Jacobs. 2010. The newly discovered species, named Balaenognathus maeuseri had over 400 small, hooked teeth in its mouth, similar to the prongs of a fine comb. The fifth metatarsal is rounded with a subtriangular outline and is one fourth the length of metatarsal IV. PalZ 97, 383424 (2023). This research was led by Professor David Martill of the University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, and involved palaeontologists from England, Germany and Mexico. The right and posterior margins of the bone are exposed. There is no evidence of predation or scavenging. Campos. The newfound animal was named Balaenognathus maeuseri the genus name is a nod to the living genus Balaenoptera, which contains filter-feeding baleen whales such as blue whales ( B. musculus ),. Scapula and coracoid are unfused. The posterior fifth of the distal margin of the anterior distal carpal is angled against the main part of this margin at about 160. Likely the rupture of the body wall released the gasses at least partially allowing the carcass to sink. The shaft of the femur curves gently laterally. The ventral cotyle is about twice as broad as the dorsal one. The minimum diameter is about two thirds of the maximum diameter, which is at the cranial circumference. 2, 3, 5, 10). Newly-discovered pterosaur species had hundreds of hooked teeth This suggests that the antorbital and postorbital processes of the jugal define an angle of~120. Yet, what truly set Balaenognathus apart was its extraordinary snoutresembling the elegant beaks of modern spoonbills. 2, 3, 18). Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft fr Geowissenschaften 83: 572. The radiale is half the size of the ulnare. New specimens of Pterosauria (Reptilia) with soft parts with implications for pterosaurian anatomy and locomotion. Jaw mechanics of the pterosaur skull construction and the evolution of toothlessness. The basic filter mechanism of Balaenognathus is functionally evident. 2, 3, 4, 5, 10). The difference in tooth count is due to the posteriorly shorter tooth row in the mandible. By Telegraph Reporters 24 January 2023 6:11pm. Maxilla. The newly identified pterosaur has been named Balaenognathus maeuseri, the study said. The bones present are listed in Table 1. Only the heads of metatarsals I to IV overlay each other a little, but the shape of the head is visible and alike in all these four metatarsals. Digit II is one third thicker than at the narrowest circumference at the incision between the condyle of the distal articular face of the basal phalanx. The specimen, which had a wingspan of around 3.6 feet (1.1 meters), contained 480 teeth that were between 0.08 and 0.43 inches (2 and 11 millimeters) long the second-highest number of gnashers found in any pterosaur. WP II with a sulcus on its ventral face. In Solnhofen - Ein Fenster in die Jurazeit, eds. At the same time the water flow is directed posterolaterally in the direction of the tooth rows such that the water passes through the dental grid, which retains the food particles (filter zone, Fig. Predicting resource partitioning and community organization of filter-feeding dabbling ducks from functional morphology. Editors Banahaw tree mouse ( Musseromys gulantang) is a species of rodent in the family of Muridae. Vertebrata Palasiatica 20: 115121. The proximal articular head of the phalanx is overlain by the proximal articular head of the basal phalanx of digit II and the roller joint of the wing-finger metacarpal. Since the first pterosaur was described from there in the 18th century, hundreds of remains of these flying reptiles have been discovered, making the quarries of the Franconian Jura in Bavaria one of the richest pterosaur localities in the world. 2, 3, 4, 5) suggests that the carcass must have been at a very early stage of decay with all joints including their ligaments still viable. The following description is based on both ulnae. It must have been buried in sediment almost as soon as it had died.". Cambridge University Press. The posterior articular face is shallowly concave and accommodates the distal apex of the distal ulnar articulation. The left side of the pelvis therefore is mostly obscured by the sacrum and the right femur that overlies the postacetabular part of the ilium. Balaenognathus maeuseri, a recently described pterosaur with baleen-like teeth from the Late Jurassic of Germany. All thoracolumbar vertebrae anterior to presacral 3 bear ribs. The planes of the articular surfaces of the phalanges of digit III are at right angle to the long axis of their shafts. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Passive suspension feeding could have been an option, despite this feeding method is mostly know from extant invertebrates (e.g., cnidarians, some gastropods (Viviparus), some annelids, crinoids, decapod crustaceans, insect larvae (e.g., simuliids). Pterodaustros true teeth. It is identified as such on account of its intimate association with the wing phalanges and the presence of fibres lying parallel to the articulated wing bones and here interpreted as aktinofibrils sensu Wellnhofer (1991) (Fig. The concavity matches the posterior articular face of the wing-finger metacarpal. An artist's illustration of what the newfound species of pterosaur (, (Image credit: Megan jacobs/University of Portsmouth). On the right side of the body, nine ribs are visible. The Bavarian State will prevent any potential sale of the fossil. The metacarpal of digit II extends proximally for about four fifth of the wing-finger metacarpal and metacarpal III for one third (Figs. A review of the pterosaur Ctenochasma: taxonomy and ontogeny. Night sky 'bleeds' over Arizona after SpaceX rocket punches a hole in the atmosphere. It likely allowed water to enter through the toothless front of the jaws, after which the water flow was split by a keel on the midline of the palate. Kellner, Z. Zhou, and D.A. Cretaceous Research 27: 603610. Harris, J.D., and K. Carpenter. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7375. Munich: Friedrich Pfeil. All phalanges of the three free digits are preserved and fully articulated and are seen in dorsal aspect. The basal phalanx of digit III is the largest of the free fingers being one third longer and thicker than the basal phalanx of digit II. The discovery was made accidentally while scientists were excavating a large block of limestone containing crocodile bones. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15) is complete and exposed in right lateral aspect. Therefore, the lumbar region is formed by three vertebrae (Fig. Immediately distal to the articular surface there is a shallow depression in the anterior face of the bone. Ulna. Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request, Optional (only if you want to be contacted back). The following description is based on both humeri and only refers to the ventral face. Digit V. Basal phalanx V has one fourth the length of basal phalanx IV and is rounded triangular in outline. 2007. Prof Martill said: "Matthias was a friendly and warm-hearted colleague of a kind that can be scarcely found. Barthel, K.W., N.H.M. That's according to a new study published in the journal Palontologische Zeitschrift. The morphology of the proximal articular head coincides with that of digit I, and the shaft has its minimum diameter in the middle. The ulnar head converges into the shaft with a curvature angle of about 175 while the anterodorsal face of the ulna is slightly convex the caudal one is slightly concave. Both include an angle of about 120. January 30, 2023 | Everything Dinosaur Blog The humeral head lies in line with the shaft and forms a convex protrusion that continues posteriorly into the proximal margin of a massive ulnar crest that extends over one fourth of the entire humeral length. Of the left scapula, only the dorsomedial and the dorsal fourth of the anterior margins are visible. The angle of the occlusal margins of the rostral curvature against that of the orbital part of the skull is estimated at approximately 30. Balaenognathus maeuseri | Pterosaur Database by DinoAnimals.com From the circumference of the proximal articulation surface the tibia converges distally, whereby the posterior margin immediately distal to the articular face is slightly concave and the anterior one convex forming a low cnemial ridge extending over the proximal one tenth of the shaft. 8). Newly Discovered Pterosaur Had More Than 400 Hooked Teeth The neural spine of presacral 2 has the same length as its neural arch. 2013). A new pterosaur species has been described based on a superbly preserved specimen found in Upper Jurassic limestone deposits in Bavaria (southern Germany). The bones of Balaenognathus maeuseri found in the slab of limestone. They are fused without a trace of a suture as are their neural spines. A new pterosaur: Beipiaopterus chenianus, gen. et sp. This was a rather serendipitous find of a well-preserved skeleton with near perfect articulation, which suggests the carcass must have been at a very early stage of decay with all joints, including their ligaments, still viable. Endemic to the political unit: China, People's Republic of. The long jaw is curved upwards like an avocet and at the end it flares out like a spoonbill. Only the anterior two thirds of the shaft of the left quadrate can be identified. The right mandibular ramus is visible in lateral aspect (Fig. A1142. Unwin, D.M., and N.N. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy 1784. 2010. [3] The stem is about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long, slender and knotted. All Rights Reserved. Zeiss, A. On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs. Professor Martill said: Matthias was a friendly and warm-hearted colleague of a kind that can be scarcely found. IFLScience The Big Questions: Can We Save A Species On The Very Brink Of Extinction. The generic name roughly translated means whale mouth because of its filtering feeding style. Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences 277 (1679): 321329. The external face of the ala of the right pubis is visible adjacent to the head of the right femur. The bone has rotated at 90 counter-clockwise such that the dorsal face of the articular condyle with the mandibular glenoid is exposed. PLoS Biology 5 (8): e204. Unwin, D.M. The distal margin includes 90 with the anterior one and is slightly convex with a shallow concavity in the middle. The proximal joint of the basal phalanx of digit I has two third the width of the distal metacarpal condyle and is convex. 1995. Frey, E., H. Tischlinger, M.-C. Buchy, and D.M. It has been named Balaenognathus maeuseri. 2, 3, 5) are aligned with fragments of the lateral elements, which are scattered in the abdominal region. 1970. PeerJ 7: e7375. It would use its spoon-shaped beak to funnel the water and then its teeth to squeeze out excess liquid, leaving prey trapped in its mouth. Nonetheless, much excellent anatomical information can be derived from the specimen, despite bone overlaps and compaction. The arrangement of the teeth at the end of the jaws and the hooklets on the tooth crowns suggests a unique filter-feeding apparatus previously unknown within the Pterosauria. 17D) inserting on the long lever of the retroarticular process (Gurd 2006, 2007). The paper, "A new pterodactyloid pterosaur with a unique filter-feeding apparatus from the Late Jurassic of Germany," is published in Palaontologische Zeitschrift (PalZ). The right radius is mostly obscured by the right ulna with only its anterior margin visible and revealing nothing noteworthy. The articular surface of the tibial head is at a right angle to the long axis of the shaft. Thus, anatomical details of this area are not preserved. The acetabulum bears a dorsal ridge that reinforces its entire roof. The anterior one is slightly convex. Since 2004, the excavation team of the Bamberg Natural History Museum (Naturkunde-Museum Bamberg) undertook annual excavation campaigns for a period of about five to six weeks each year (Muser et al. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217: 105137. He studied Marine Biology at the University of Exeter (Penryn campus) and after graduating started his own blog site "Marine Madness," which he continues to run with other ocean enthusiasts. February 8, 2023, An artists impression of Balaenognathus maeuseri. The angle between the posterior margin and the posterior proximal facet is about 95. The jaws of this pterosaur are really long and lined with small fine, hooked teeth, with tiny spaces between them like a nit comb., The long jaw is curved upwards like an avocet and at the end it flares out like a spoonbill., There are no teeth at the end of its mouth, but there are teeth all the way along both jaws right to the back of its smile., And whats even more remarkable is some of the teeth have a hook on the end, which weve never seen before in a pterosaur ever., These small hooks would have been used to catch the tiny shrimp the pterosaur likely fed on making sure they went down its throat and werent squeezed between the teeth.. 2018; Sotto et al. excavation in a limestone block, which contained the remains of crocodile bones. Bone fragments inside the orbit. 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Gibbard, and J.-X. Annals of Carnegie Museum 82: 165191. In the right tarsus astragalus and calcaneum as well as three distal metatarsals are visible in anatomical articulation. Unpublished Dissertation thesis am Fachbereich Chemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften der Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt in Mainz 228: pp. Unique to Balaenognathus is the permanent gape of the anterior third of the rostrum because of the upper jaw being more strongly curved than the lower jaw (Fig. The teeth are limited to the sides of the jaw, while the front remains clear. Image credit: Martill et al., doi: 10.1007/s12542-022-00644-4. The new specimen is from plattenkalk limestones of the Upper Kimmeridgian.

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