River Network. After 10,000 years, Hudson Bay is only half way through its spring back and may have another 100 meters to rise. These are deep, and large water bodies that are often used as ports or harbours wherein loading and unloading of people and cargo is done through boats. Environmental Geography: Science, Land Use, and Earth Systems, The world's largest gulf is the Gulf of Mexico, with a total At the same time, the last ice age featured miles of ice over Canada, but Siberia had grass and Mammoths. its highly valued commercial and recreational fisheries. An aerial survey is here: How would erosion, or a glacial depression, manage to yield such a perfect geometry over such a large scale? As they rotate, many of these ice circles grind the adjacent river shoreline into an arc. Geologists didnt even start thinking about impact craters until the Alvarez paper around 1980, on the cretacious-tertiary boundary having arisen from an asteroid impact. If you overlay a perfect circle on Hudson Bay, as Ive done in the picture, you see that it is nearly a perfect circle. Francisco Bay is connected to the SacramentoSan Joaquin Delta even closed in order to control transportation routes, the body is ecosystems The Western Churchill and Superior cratons collided at about 1.91.8 Ga in the Trans-Hudson orogeny. Why this world has different elements in different places? Alternative theory: the lake was crated by smaller debris from the meteor (or whatever it was) that separated from the main body during the fiery traverse through our atmosphere. Strait of Hormuz is located at the southeastern end of the Persian Gulf The unconformity consists of undeformed stromatolite-bearing dolomites overlying either foliated Archean granodiorite or the tilted and eroded strata of the Richmond Gulf Group. (far right), which joins the Arabian Sea (bottom right). Strong winds and snowstorms occur during December. Noting the paucity of impact structures on Earth in relation to the Moon and Mars and remarkable curvature of the shoreline of this part of Hudson Bay, Beals[1] proposes that the Nastapoka arc is possibly part of a Precambrian extraterrestrial meteorite impact structure that is comparable in size to the Mare Crisium on the Moon. However, the Strait of Hormuz has become an important choke This satellite view of the Arabian Peninsula illustrates gulfs, a I am reading about gulf and bay (as a geographical feature). $\begingroup$ I personally think that these distinctions are important, fit the site, and definitely have a scientific base. 2. Note that around the ice sheet, the land is actually sinking today, like when ones partner gets up from a waterbed mattress. It has a coastline of about 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99StWaI4YSE. Both bay and gulf are concavities, which are created when tidal erosion takes place at the shoreline of the sea. Icy meteor, or comet, impacting on glacier would leave steam and vapor, shock wave would press lower ice into ring and throw up huge steam plume but possibility remains that remnant frozen chunks are at depthintact as deposited surviving steam and impacting into liquefied rock at low relative T high P. Arc carved by steam, ice and shockwave, not direct contact, hence regularity in appearance, it was essentially machined. I highly recommend the flight. But it was isolated, almost desolate in winter, and time and progress were frozen as well. environment Because of the irregular shapes of the colliding cratons, this collision trapped between them large fragments of juvenile crust, a sizable microcontinent, and island arc terranes, beneath what is now the centre of modern Hudson Bay as part of the Trans-Hudson Orogen. I have visited the Belcher Islands in Hudson Bay by plane from Radisson, Quebec. of Hormuz. The Gulf of Mexico has a surface area of 618,000 square miles. Why is Light Year used instead of kilometers? What is Mathematica's equivalent to Maple's collect with distributed option? It connects the Black Sea (from the north) and the Nate, A gulf is a more defined and deeper inlet with the entrance more enclosed than a bay. Noting the paucity of impact structures on Earth in relation to the Moon and Mars, Carlyle Smith Beals[55] proposed that it is possibly part of a Precambrian extraterrestrial impact structure that is comparable in size to the Mare Crisium on the Moon. 5 Which is the largest bay gulf in the world? But is it? Le Goulet gap at Richmond Gulf, Quebec. What is the use of explicitly specifying if a function is recursive or not? Is the statement true that unlike planets a dwarf planet cannot have moons? Scientists dont constantly revise their points of view because they are too rigid. All Glacial movement radiates from Hudson Bay which supports my theory. From Arviat, Nunavut, to the west to the south and southeast prevails the subarctic climate (Kppen: Dfc). The Nastapoka arc is a distinctively arcuate segment of the coastline of the southeastern shore of Hudson Bay in Quebec, Canada, that extends from the most northerly of the Hopewell Islands to Long Island near the junction with James Bay. If it was a meteor (or similar) it would probably have come in at an angle. Great answer - but did you mean "Anything more will result in relative sea-level. [45], The western shores of the bay are a lowland known as the Hudson Bay Lowlands which covers 324,000km2 (125,000sqmi). How can we know? . A bay is a partially enclosed body of water with a single primary shoreline. northern Africa from the Rock of Gibraltar on the southernmost point of Much of Canada was covered in an extensive ice sheet in the last glacial period (the 'Ice Age'), from about 110 ka until 12 ka. Hudson Bay's southern arm is called James Bay. The Belcher Islands are the eroded surface of the Belcher Fold Belt, which formed as a result of the tectonic compression and folding of sediments that accumulated along the margin of the Superior Craton before its collision with the Western Churchill Craton. The entirety (all the coast) of Hudsons Bay is loaded with nickle. on Guantnamo Bay, and may only be rescinded if the United States The Arabian Sea is 3,862,000 Square kilometers in size. The Red Sea From other sites Ive read, many geologists seem to have concluded that it is a depression caused by glacial load during the ice age, though a recent conference paper (2006) argues that it may indeed be a crater. So we can already say, that they will, sooner or later admit that this is one, or even the biggest, impact crater on earth. Is Hudson Bay bigger than the Gulf of Mexico? to lease the site. [28], The Hudson Bay region has very low year-round average temperatures. Based upon this data, geophysicists and other Earth scientists concluded that the Laurentide Ice Sheet was composed of two large domes to the west and east of Hudson Bay. Lavoie, D., Pinet, N., Dietrich, J. and Chen, Z., 2015. Which generations of PowerPC did Windows NT 4 run on? Just walking down the beach. Is this the answer the moon unlike the earth does not rotate so you see the same side of the moon? Geologists once poo-poohed the obvious similar shapes of the western African and eastern South American coasts, too. Google Maps image contains own credit. ELI5: Why is the Gulf of Mexico a gulf? Especially when the - Reddit A point impact like an asteroid with a lot of momentum hitting at the centre of the arc seems like a pretty plausible reason for its shape, but I dont have any formal geology training, so I can only think of astrophysical symmetries, not geophysical ones, which means that my inexpert opinion isnt worth much compared to a geophysicists. When he pushed his crew to continue their search for the passage after spending a harsh winter on the shores of the bay, the crew mutinied and set him adrift in a small boat on the bay. [18] The HBC negotiated a trading monopoly from the English crown for the Hudson Bay watershed, called Rupert's Land. Apr 22, 2015 at 20:04. If you've ever attempted to order from Hudson's Bay in the United States, you know that Hudson's Bay does not provide international shipping to every nation. In the same volume, Wilson[7] evaluates Beals' interpretation and proposes an alternative hypothesis that the Nastapoka arc formed as the result of a continental-scale collision of pre-existing Archean continents and closure of an ancient ocean basin. in the United States. I see theories of how a meteor hit the Laurentide Ice sheet as well as other possible comet impact sites throughout the Laurentide field and they age them over millions of years old. 6 Is there any difference between bay and gulf? Is the statement true that unlike planets a dwarf planet cannot have moons? During Middle Silurian times, subsidence ceased and this basin was uplifted. It causes sea level fall and sea level rise, depending on distance from the ice sheet (The Gravity of Sea Level Change). Today many are populated by Inuit and Cree people. [49] During the majority of the Cambrian Period, this basin did not exist. And that's just the surface! A meteor impact at the end of the last ice age would answer a few questions. It only takes a minute to sign up. Its vegetation is typically boreal forest, and to the north, tundra. reached by R. S. Dietz and J. P. Barringer in 1973 in a search for evidence of impact in the region of the Hudson Bay arc. "Comparison of the Hudson Bay arc with some other features". prosecutor, The British equivalent of "X objects in a trenchcoat", How do I get rid of password restrictions in passwd, Previous owner used an Excessive number of wall anchors. For my part, I see a round thing and think, well clearly thats come from some physical symmetry. Scientific investigations of the Gulf of Mexico have documented a large area off the coast of Louisiana with depleted oxygen levels, a condition known as hypoxia. On the other hand, within these center landforms, the original metamorphic texture of the rock is preserved, work hardening would have created annular rings in the work hardened rock but to quote Artie Johnston from Laugh-In interesting, but useless. has been) controlled to prevent ships from sailing through the gulf. Does sound travel faster through space or room temperature? When a body of water such as a strait is capable of being blocked or In contrast, most of the eastern shores (the Quebec portion) form the western edge of the Canadian Shield in Quebec. This map from Natural Resources Canada shows the current rate: Since global sea-level is currently rising at about 3 mm/a, a local uplift at this rate will break even. Hudson Bay Arc - Crater Explorer Access USGSSan Francisco Bay and Delta. In December 2015, OmniTRAX announced it was negotiating a sale of the port, and the associated Hudson Bay Railway, to a group of First Nations based in northern Manitoba. Whos in? There is a coastline on three sides of a bay. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. [62] The railway continued to carry cargo to supply the town of Churchill itself until the line was damaged by flooding on May 23, 2017. is transported through its waters in oil tankers. Continental Divide The Continental Divide separates the Atlantic and Pacific watersheds of North America. IMHO; Ive bought into the The Younger Dryas Impact Theory, so the question is always, wheres the crater? How to find the shortest path visiting all nodes in a connected graph as MILP? Call it the Hudson Bay Research Project the Truth is Out There. There is a ridge along the shore line, eroded by glaciers. The mouth of the bay, where meets the ocean or lake, is typically wider than that of a gulf. The similarity in areal extent of the free-air gravity anomaly with the perimeter of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet that covered this part of Laurentia led to a long-held conclusion that this perturbation in the Earth's gravity reflected still ongoing glacial isostatic adjustment to the melting and disappearance of this ice sheet. #4 - Hudson Bay Hudson Bay is actually a gulf that is bordered on all sides by Canada in the far north where it connects to the Arctic Ocean. [21] This mapping progress led to the establishment of Churchill, Manitoba, as a deep-sea port for wheat exports in 1929, after unsuccessful attempts at Port Nelson. [48][49][50][51], From the large quantity of published geologic data that has been collected as the result of hydrocarbon exploration, academic research, and related geologic mapping, a detailed history of the Hudson Bay basin has been reconstructed. A 27,500 km 2 zone of southern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta drains into the Mississippi Basin and then to the Gulf of Mexico. Greenland ice mass loss is the source of SLF in a wide area. What is the difference between a Bay and a gulf (e.g. Hudson Bay vs When will there be a solar eclipse and transit of Venus at the same time? The annual average temperature is 9.3 F (-12.6C), but the range extends from -60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit throughout the year. It is a very large saltwater body of water roughly 470,000 square miles in size. I am not an expert either. The average depth of Hudson Bay is 330 feet, and its deepest point is 890 feet. Marine life in Hudson Bay includes molluscs, starfish, and sea urchins, fish such as halibut, cod, polar plaice, and salmon. miles). Tamisiea, M.E., Mitrovica, J.X. from former US Fed. Hudson Bay is home to several islands including the Ottawa Islands and the Belcher Islands. These cratons are separated by a tectonic collage that forms a suture zone between these cratons and the Trans-Hudson Orogen. Circular arc along the Hudson Bay coastline, List of possible impact structures on Earth, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nastapoka_arc&oldid=1128985134, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 23 December 2022, at 01:11. Most scientists go through a decade of training in university to think critically and work out problems for themselves based on evidence and mathematical theories. So, did a super meteor hit near the center of the bay? They examined the abundant and extensive rock exposures that occur within the region of the Nastapoka arc and found a complete lack of shatter cones, suevite-type or other unusual melt rocks, pseudotachylite or mylonite, radial faults or fractures, unusual injection breccias, or any other evidence of shock metamorphism. Could the Hudson Bay Arc be the smoking gun? European explorers . could threaten the economy of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region, including California, Gulf of Aden (between the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea), and All the islands, including those in James Bay, are part of Nunavut and lie in the Arctic Archipelago. Hudson Bay is actually a gulf that is bordered on all sides by Canada in the far north where it connects to the Arctic Ocean. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. They occur as tightly folded, lightly metamorphosed (greenschist) preserved in easterly trending, elongate to irregular, structural basins known as greenstone belts. In the extreme northeast, winter temperatures average as low as 29C (20F). Further west, exposed in the Ottawa and Belcher Islands, the strata of the Nastapoka Group become highly faulted and tightly, often isoclinally, folded. What are the effects of rotation and revolution of the Earth and the effect of the tilt of Earth's axis? Defining the Differences Among the Bay, Gulf, Ocean & Sea The treaty gave the United States a perpetual lease and Mobile Bay (Alabama). Could it be that the cause of the flood myths, the mass extinction of the mega fauna and reboot of humankind is found in the middle of Canada? Some are even dedicated to the sun or sun god. [31], Water temperature peaks at 89C (4648F) on the western side of the bay in late summer. Bays, Gulfs, and Straits - river, sea, oceans, important, largest James Bay is also notable for sometimes having less salinity than Hudson because of the large watershed discharging river water into a much smaller area. What do multiple contact ratings on a relay represent? Are the oceans rising or the continents going down? . A line from Nuvuk Point (6221N 7806W / 62.350N 78.100W / 62.350; -78.100) to Leyson Point, the Southeastern extreme of Southampton Island, through the Southern and Western shores of Southampton Island to its Northern extremity, thence a line to Beach Point (6603N 8606W / 66.050N 86.100W / 66.050; -86.100) on the Mainland. Carl G. Schuster. [16] English explorers and colonists named Hudson Bay after Sir Henry Hudson who explored the bay beginning August 2, 1610, on his ship Discovery. Such an object at that scale and with that water flow could easily grind several hundred miles of shoreline into a perfect arc. located in southeastern Cuba near the city of Guantnamo. Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Assessment, National Ocean Service, National When you look at the night sky are you seeing the universe exactly as it is? The presence of shocked quartz supports that such craters were formed by impact, because a volcanic eruption would not generate the required pressure. From this, can it be determined that the Hudson Arc is or is not an impact event? The 600,000 square mile water basin is bordered on the west by part of the western Atlantic Ocean, Cuba, most of Mexico's eastern coastline, and the states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The asthenosphere was pressed down under Laurentide ice sheet during last ice age and is now finding a new balance, without the weight of the ice. Summers in Churchill, Manitoba offers visitors the opportunity to see the magnificent Beluga Whales. should abandon the area or by the mutual consent of Cuba and the United Looking at the picture above I noticed two odd, smaller circles to the east of the arc. A gulf is much larger than a bay. [52][53], Hudson Bay and the associated structural basin lie within the centre of a large free-air gravity anomaly that lies within the Canadian Shield. . I think one of the reasons for geologists to think this is not an impact crater remnant is psychology. The Gulf of Mexico, bordered by the United States, Mexico, and the island nation of Cuba, is the worlds largest gulf. Since Hudson Bay is connected to the world's ocean, mainly through Hudson Strait, the runoff into the Bay has no measurable effect on the water level. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. [5] Arabian Sea and ultimately to the Indian Ocean. Administration. The Eastern Cree name for Hudson and James Bay is Wnipekw (Southern dialect) or Wnipkw (Northern dialect), meaning muddy or brackish water. [4][5], The portion of Hudson Bay immediately offshore of and partially encircled by the Nastapoka arc is underlain by Early Proterozoic strata of the Nastapoka Group. Is the "this map is wonderful" link down? The only Arctic deep-water port in Canada is the Port of Churchill, located at Churchill, Manitoba. I think not. I would literally gasp every time I would see this almost perfect arc from the plane and I often thought it was a meteor impact as it is perfectly arced. be when they found it they didn't know how big is that. One explanation for how large circular formations are created is that they start as small, point-like features that get expanded over eons by erosion. The increase of river inflows during the winter has decreased the season of sea ice by more than 1 month since the 1960s. Only starting in the Late Ordovician and continuing into the Silurian did the gradual regional subsidence of this part of the Canadian Shield form the Hudson Bay basin. Difference Between Bay and Gulf (with Comparison Chart) - Key Differences If we send ocean waters into glacier of north pole/south pole to reduce sea level, will it help global warming? A gulf is much larger than a bay. route between the United States and Central and South America, and its I love this example of raised beaches and a small delta experiencing forced regression on the shores of Hudson Bay: Would it make sense for it to recede at the level that it is North American ice sheet and comet and Gobekli Tepe fits nicely. receding with sources of freshwater relatively close? Is it superfluous to place a snubber in parallel with a diode by default. and Iran (on the other side). The continental climate in Hudson Bay is extreme. I am confused as to why San Francisco is called bay area and not gulf of san francisco. Why is Light Year used instead of kilometers? I was looking at this on Google maps and wondered if it was an impact creator. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, was formed by plate tectonics. [29] Vis--vis geographically closer Europe, contrasts stand much more extreme. Youll never forget it. The (Cuba), Hudson Bay (Canada), Chesapeake Bay (Maryland and Virginia), and They pointed out that these negative results did not disprove an impact origin for the arc, but they felt that such an origin appeared unlikely. (p. 228). Hudson Bay encompasses 1,230,000km2 (470,000sqmi), making it the second-largest water body using the term "bay" in the world (after the Bay of Bengal). They are also slightly magnetic. The Nastapoka Islands directly offshore in Hudson Bay are striking when flying low over them. Hudson Bay,[a] sometimes called Hudson's Bay (usually historically), is a large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of 1,230,000km2 (470,000sqmi). closed periodically, stopping the flow of water between the As against this, a gulf is a waterbody, whose maximum . Fresh water and nutrients from the land flowing to the sea in this ocean watershed support productive estuaries and marine ecosystems. The area is drained by a large number of rivers and has formed a characteristic vegetation known as muskeg. The finding of Frozen animals could not have happened if they were caught in a blizzard. Wonderful people too, for the most part. Like a catchers mitt, the glacier absorbed the shock and along the way, saved the earth from a total extinction event. Theres a fascinating discussion on the subreddit r/alternatehistory about this. More importantly, they were trading posts with Indigenous peoples who came to them with furs from their trapping season. A large portion of the lowlands in the province of Ontario is part of the Polar Bear Provincial Park, and a similar portion of the lowlands in Manitoba is contained in Wapusk National Park, the latter location being a significant polar bear maternity denning area.[46]. Gibraltar has been one of the world's most important choke flowing into the bay, or into the bay itself. They look like they were spun into circles and they have a lot of holes in them. [3][5] The unconformity between the Early Proterozoic Nastapoka Group and the underlying Archean Superior craton lies just inland of Nastapoka arc as defined by the edge of arcuate eastern coastline of Hudson Bay. Drainage Basin | The Canadian Encyclopedia The deformation accompanying the Trans-Hudson orogeny could have masked evidence of such an Archean impact. within a larger body of water near land. So, what is the matter for questioning the one that seems maybe the most obvious? I have a theory: what if there was an impacts before the ice age, glacier have been know to move a lot of material far from where they originated, like material in the moraine north of Toronto. Arkhangelsk at 64N in northwestern Russia has an average of 2C (36F),[30] while the mild continental coastline of Stockholm at 59N on the shore of an analogous large hyposaline marine inlet the Baltic Sea has an annual average of 8C (46F). These strata unconformably overlie Archean strata of the Superior craton and Proterozoic Richmond Group. Estuaries known as hypoxia. Rebound map by NRCan, free of copyright. When will there be a solar eclipse and transit of Venus at the same time? Hudson Bay - WorldAtlas [1] While the circular shape has led to suggestions that it represents an impact crater, there is no evidence for this hypothesis, and it is thought to have been formed as a result of lithospheric flexure during the Trans-Hudson orogeny. human activities such as commerce and recreation. A single event. One of the differences between a bay and a gulf is that a bay has an inward land curve. rivers except when there is an artificially enlarged river mouth. The Bay of Bengal has a total area of 2,172,000 Square kilometers. Some of the more well-known settlements along the shores of Hudson Bay include Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Churchill, Manitoba, Arviat, Nunavut, and Purvirnitug, Quebec. Some believe that Hudson Bay's shape was created by a meteor strike. Bays that are shorter in length and yet bigger bays include the Hudson Bay in Canada and the Bay of Biscay in France and Spain. The metamorphosed sedimentary strata consist largely of interbedded mudstones and sandstones exhibiting sedimentary structures indicative of turbidites. Coincidence? 28 Recommended Swimming from $550.00 per group (up to 6) ZooTampa at Lowry Park Admission Ticket While a bay is a broad inlet of the sea, the gulf is a deep inlet of the sea. The Port of Churchill was an important shipping link for trade with Europe and Russia until its closure in 2016 by owner OmniTRAX. Credit Ice circles regularly form on many large rivers each winter in Michigan, Maine, and elsewhere in he northern hemisphere. When a meteor hits the Earth it may form this? southeastern Europe. A bay is usually smaller and less enclosed than a gulf. The narrow Strait of Hormuz (center Northern Hudson Bay has a polar climate (Kppen: ET) being one of the few places in the world where this type of climate is found south of 60 N, going farther south towards Quebec, where Inukjuak is still dominated by the tundra. Still, parks department officials urged against swimming in the Hudson, which has powerful currents, no lifeguards, and few access points. Between mid-December and mid-June, Hudson Bay is icebound. The thing is, I have a number of perfect black rocks, which are numerous around the beaches there.

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