Primary Factor: Dominance (E) (Eds.). Cattell referred to these 16 factors as primary factors , as opposed to the so-called " Big Five " factors which he considered global factors. Pervin, L. A., & John. [1], During World War II, Cattell served as a civilian consultant to the U.S. government researching and developing tests for selecting officers in the armed forces. The 16 Personality Factors The 16PF Personality Questionnaire Uses for the 16 Factors Test Interpretation The 16 personality factors are different dimensions that make up personality. [1] He ultimately found this disappointing because there was limited opportunity to conduct research. Descriptors of High Range: Rule-conscious, dutiful, conscientious, conforming, moralistic, staid, rule bound (High Super Ego Strength), Descriptors of Low Range: Shy, threat-sensitive, timid, hesitant, intimidated (Threctia) [45] Thus, he decided to change his field of study and pursue a PhD in psychology at King's College, London, which he received in 1929. A comprehensive trial of the scree and KG criteria for determining the number of factors. Nesselroade, J. R. (1984). [15] In each of these domains, he considered there must be a finite number of basic, unitary dimensions that could be identified empirically. BF Openness => 16PF tough-mindedness (reversed); BF Conscientiousness => 16PF Self-Control; BF Extraversion => 16PF Extraversion; BF Agreeableness => 16PF Independence (reversed); and BF Neuroticism => 16PF Anxiety (Conn & Rieke, 1994). Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Additionally, (company) psychologists use it to: Try us for free and get unlimited access to 1.000+ articles! What matters more is their expertise to work on the challenge itself. Cattell, R. B. Cattell's 16 Personality Factors - Verywell Mind . The Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire The first step in such a process was to narrow all adjectives within a language to those relating to personality descriptions, as it provided the researchers with a base guiding such a lexical approach. Hurley, J. R., & Cattell, R. B. (2004) suggests that a factor containing the aspects of Honesty or Humility should be added to the current five-factor model to make it more comprehensive. It does not substitute the opinion of an expert at any time. Cattell, R. B. The instrument utilizes a multiple choice response format to assess 16 primary scales, 5 second-order scales, and 2 third-order scales. (Eds.). Krug, S. E. (2008). Reserve, impersonal, distant, cool, reserved, impersonal, detached, formal, aloof (Sizothymia), Warm, outgoing, attentive to others, kindly, easy going, participating, likes people (Affectothymia), Concrete thinking, lower general mental capacity, less intelligent, unable to handle abstract problems (Lower Scholastic Mental Capacity), Abstract-thinking, more intelligent, bright, higher general mental capacity, fast learner (Higher Scholastic Mental Capacity), Reactive emotionally, changeable, affected by feelings, emotionally less stable, easily upset (Lower Ego Strength), Emotionally stable, adaptive, mature, faces reality calm (Higher Ego Strength), Deferential, cooperative, avoids conflict, submissive, humble, obedient, easily led, docile, accommodating (Submissiveness), Dominant, forceful, assertive, aggressive, competitive, stubborn, bossy (Dominance), Serious, restrained, prudent, taciturn, introspective, silent (Desurgency), Lively, animated, spontaneous, enthusiastic, happy go lucky, cheerful, expressive, impulsive (Surgency), Expedient, nonconforming, disregards rules, self indulgent (Low Super Ego Strength), Rule-conscious, dutiful, conscientious, conforming, moralistic, staid, rule bound (High Super Ego Strength), Shy, threat-sensitive, timid, hesitant, intimidated (Threctia), Socially bold, venturesome, thick skinned, uninhibited (Parmia), Utilitarian, objective, unsentimental, tough minded, self-reliant, no-nonsense, rough (Harria), Sensitive, aesthetic, sentimental, tender minded, intuitive, refined (Premsia), Trusting, unsuspecting, accepting, unconditional, easy (Alaxia), Vigilant, suspicious, skeptical, distrustful, oppositional (Protension), Grounded, practical, prosaic, solution orientated, steady, conventional (Praxernia), Abstract, imaginative, absent minded, impractical, absorbed in ideas (Autia), Forthright, genuine, artless, open, guileless, naive, unpretentious, involved (Artlessness), Private, discreet, nondisclosing, shrewd, polished, worldly, astute, diplomatic (Shrewdness), Self-Assured, unworried, complacent, secure, free of guilt, confident, self satisfied (Untroubled), Apprehensive, self doubting, worried, guilt prone, insecure, worrying, self blaming (Guilt Proneness), Traditional, attached to familiar, conservative, respecting traditional ideas (Conservatism), Open to change, experimental, liberal, analytical, critical, free thinking, flexibility (Radicalism), Group-oriented, affiliative, a joiner and follower dependent (Group Adherence), Self-reliant, solitary, resourceful, individualistic, self sufficient (Self-Sufficiency), Tolerated disorder, unexacting, flexible, undisciplined, lax, self-conflict, impulsive, careless of social rues, uncontrolled (Low Integration), Perfectionistic, organized, compulsive, self-disciplined, socially precise, exacting will power, control, self sentimental (High Self-Concept Control), Relaxed, placid, tranquil, torpid, patient, composed low drive (Low Ergic Tension), Tense, high energy, impatient, driven, frustrated, over wrought, time driven. Theories of personality (4th ed.). Retrieved [insert date] from Toolshero: https://www.toolshero.com/psychology/cattell-16-personality-factors/, Published on: 02/11/2018 | Last update: 04/05/2022, Add a link to this page on your website: Working with renowned psychologists like Charles Spearman, one of the originators of factor analysis, only adds to this credibility. [45], In 1937, Cattell left England and moved to the United States when he was invited by Edward Thorndike to come to Columbia University. This reaffirms what other researchers have found while trying to replicate Cattell's methodology (Brown, 1971). (1998). He used factor analysis; developed by Charles Spearman, to identify characteristics that were related to each other and to see which elements were most influential or important. Over the years, she worked with Cattell on many aspects of his research, writing, and test development. Though his theory has never been replicated, his contributions to factor analysis have been exceedingly valuable to the study of psychology. Thus there is no question that Cattell has made a tremendous impression on psychology and science in general."[85]. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. He died at home in Honolulu on 2 February 1998, at age 92 years. The identified source traits became the primary basis for the 16 PF Model. Multivariate Behavioral Research Monographs, 67, 1-212. Cattell's 16 Personality Factors Test - openpsychometrics.org More than likely, during Cattell's factor analysis errors in computation occurred resulting in skewed data, thus the inability to replicate. Motivation and dynamic calculus: A teacher's view. Mankind Quarterly, 38, 127. Descriptors of High Range: Lively, animated, spontaneous, enthusiastic, happy go lucky, cheerful, expressive, impulsive (Surgency), Descriptors of Low Range: Expedient, nonconforming, disregards rules, self indulgent (Low Super Ego Strength) (1995). The Culture Fair Intelligence Scales were intended to minimize the influence of cultural or educational background on the results of intelligence tests. The lexical approach has been used to find popular meanings, and factor analysis has been used to determine traits that are correlated, but how does this determine the existence of the traits? The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Volume 2 Festschrift for Raymond B. Cattell (1988). The questionnaire is available in computer or paper and pencil formats, and there are a variety of age-adjusted, condensed, and modified versions for use in various settings. [25] These "global trait" constructs are the precursors of the currently popular Big Five (FFM) model of personality. Beginning his college days at age 16 in the field of chemistry and attaining a doctorate degree in psychology immediately thereafter along is an impressive accomplishment. Champaign: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. Foundations of trait measurement. [64], In order to measure these trait constructs across different age ranges, Cattell constructed (Q-data) instruments that included the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) for adults, the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) now named the Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (APQ), and the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ). Cattell, R. B. Self -rating questionnaires, also known as Q-Data, gathered data by allowing participants to assess their own behaviors .The third source of Cattell's data the objective test, also known as T-Data, created a unique situation in which the subject is unaware of the personality trait being measured (Pervin & John, 2001). Cattell was invited to assume this position in 1945. Handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). Cattell, R. B. Evidence for a sixth factor is strong, and there is some evidence for a seven-factor model. Cattell also developed new factor analytic techniques, for example, by inventing the scree test, which uses the curve of latent roots to judge the optimal number of factors to extract. Its a memory of walking down the street and listening as. Primary Factors and Descriptors in Cattells 16 Personality Factor Model (Adapted From Conn & Rieke, 1994). (1966). The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The multi-purposed instrument, 16PF or 16 Personality Factors, is used as a career evaluation tool, for couples counseling and personality assessment.

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